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As climate change accelerates and global environmental regulations tighten, the aviation sector faces a pivotal challenge. The push towards net zero aviation isn't just about reducing emissions; it's an urgent mission to transform the skies for a more sustainable world. From lowering operational costs to meeting the rising demand for eco-friendly aircraft, this transition is redefining how aircraft are designed, built, and operated—starting with a focus on more electric, hybrid, and hydrogen-powered models.

TT Electronics is one company that is working toward solutions to meet the challenges aerospace companies are facing in meeting the demand for more sustainable aircraft.

“We're currently exploring these challenges and investing in advanced technologies that will revolutionise net zero aviation and provide OEMs with the technology to meet sustainability demands,” begins Julian Thomas, engineering director for TT Electronics.

A significant technical challenge in developing more electric, hybrid, and hydrogen aircraft is matching the range and performance of traditional fossil fuel-powered aircraft. These conventional aircraft set high standards for long flights, high speeds, and substantial payload capacities. Electric, hybrid, and hydrogen aircraft need to match or exceed these benchmarks to be viable alternatives.

“Electric aircraft face significant restrictions in range and payload capacity,” adds Thomas. “Although they offer zero emissions during flight, their limited range makes them suitable only for short-haul flights currently. Extending their range without compromising performance is a key focus of our R&D efforts.”

More Staying Power

Another major challenge OEMs face in developing sustainable aircraft is energy density in storage systems. Current battery technologies fall short of the energy density needed for long flights without significant compromises in weight and volume. Hydrogen fuel cells that offer higher energy density than batteries are a promising alternative, yet they also bring challenges, like storage and distribution of hydrogen and the need for efficient fuel cell technologies.

Infrastructure development is crucial for achieving net zero aviation. Current aviation infrastructure supports fossil fuel-powered aircraft. Transitioning to electric and hydrogen aircraft will require significant modifications to existing facilities or the creation of new ones, including charging stations for electric aircraft, hydrogen refuelling stations, and new maintenance protocols.

“Building infrastructure to support electric and hydrogen aircraft is a massive financial undertaking,” states Thomas. “It's not just about developing the aircraft. Airports and aviation facilities need to be equipped for these technologies. This requires substantial investment and coordination among governments, airport operators, and aircraft manufacturers.”

Advanced battery and power management technologies that support innovation

The journey towards net zero aviation also involves optimising manufacturing processes. Advanced manufacturing techniques, such as automation and additive manufacturing, can significantly reduce production costs and lead-times.

“Optimising manufacturing processes is vital,” says Thomas. “By adopting advanced manufacturing technologies, we can reduce waste, lower costs, and increase the efficiency of aircraft production. This not only makes the production process more sustainable but also helps in meeting the high standards required for net zero aviation.”

Supply chain management is another critical factor in this transition. Ensuring a sustainable supply chain requires a focus on sourcing eco-friendly materials and components, as well as establishing strong partnerships with suppliers who share the commitment to sustainability. Effective supply chain management also involves standardisation and modularisation, which can lead to greater efficiency and reduced environmental impact.

“Effective supply chain management is essential for sustainability,” says Thomas. “By standardising and modularising components, we can streamline production and reduce the environmental footprint. Building strong relationships with suppliers who prioritise sustainability helps ensure that the entire supply chain contributes to our net zero goals.”

To effectively transition to net zero aviation, governments and international aviation bodies are setting stringent emissions targets and sustainability standards. Complying with these regulations is essential but time-consuming and costly.

A promising aspect of this transformation is Advanced Air Mobility (AAM). AAM includes using electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft for short-distance transport, such as urban air taxis and regional mobility solutions. These aircraft can revolutionise transportation within and between cities, reducing congestion and emissions.

“AAM represents a significant step towards sustainable aviation,” Thomas concludes. “Developing aircraft for urban and regional transport can alleviate traffic congestion and reduce emissions. At TT Electronics, we're exploring how our advanced battery and power management technologies can support this aviation innovation.”

The push towards net zero aviation isn't just about reducing emissions. It's about rethinking the entire aviation ecosystem. Every aspect must evolve, from aircraft design and manufacturing to infrastructure development, supply chain management, and regulatory compliance. This transformation is essential to mitigate climate impacts and ensure a sustainable future for aviation. Through innovation, collaboration, and investment, the aviation industry can meet these challenges and soar towards a cleaner, greener future.

TT Electronics will be exhibiting at the Farnborough Airshow in hall 4, stand 118.